Who needs to read this booklet? 谁需要阅读这本小册子（了解JHA作业危害分析）？
This booklet is for employers, foremen, and supervisors, but we encourage employees to use the information as well to analyze their own jobs and recognize workplace hazards so they can report them to you. It explains what a job hazard analysis is and offers guidelines to help you conduct your own step-by-step analysis.
这本小册子适用于雇主、工头和主管，但我们鼓励员工也使用这些信息来分析自己的工作并识别工作场所（可能存在的）的危害，以便他们向您报告这些危害。 这本小册子解释了什么是工作危害分析（JHA），并提供了指南来帮助您进行自己的（一步一步的）逐步分析。
What is a hazard? 什么是危害？
A hazard is the potential for harm. In practical terms, a hazard often is associated with a condition or activity that, if left uncontrolled, can result in an injury or illness. See Appendix 2 for a list of common hazards and descriptions. Identifying hazards and eliminating or controlling them as early as possible will help prevent injuries and illnesses.
危害是潜在的伤害。 在实践中，危害通常与一种状况或活动有关，如果不加以控制，可能会导致伤害或疾病。 有关常见危险和描述的列表，请参阅附录 2。识别危害并尽早消除或控制它们将有助于防止伤害和疾病。
What is a job hazard analysis? 什么是作业危害分析（JHA）？
A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur. It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment. Ideally, after you identify uncontrolled hazards, you will take steps to eliminate or reduce them to an acceptable risk level.
作业危害分析是一种技术，它专注于作业任务，是在危险发生之前识别危险的一种方式。它侧重于工人（作业人员）、（作业）任务、工具和工作环境之间的关系。 理想情况下，在识别出不受控制的危害后，您将（逐步）采取措施，来将危害消除或降低到可接受的风险水平。
Why is job hazard analysis important? 为什么作业危害分析很重要？
Many workers are injured and killed at the workplace every day in the United States. Safety and health can add value to your business, your job, and your life. You can help prevent workplace injuries and illnesses by looking at your workplace operations, establishing proper job procedures, and ensuring that all employees are trained properly.
在美国，每天都有许多工人在工作场所受伤和死亡。 安全和健康可以为您的业务、工作和生活增加价值。 您可以通过查看您的工作场所运营、建立适当的工作程序并确保所有员工都接受适当的培训来帮助预防工作场所伤害和疾病。
One of the best ways to determine and establish proper work procedures is to conduct a job hazard analysis. A job hazard analysis is one component of the larger commitment of a safety and health management system. (See page 15 for more information on safety and health management systems.
确定和建立适当工作程序的最佳方法之一是进行作业危害分析。 作业危害分析是安全与健康管理体系的更大承诺的一个组成部分。（有关安全与健康管理体系的更多信息，请参见第 15 页。）
- 未完待续 -
U.S. Department of Labor
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA 3071
2002 (Revised)
摘录自美国劳工部
职业安全与健康管理局
OSHA 3071
2002 年（修订）
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