Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece,the pyramids of Giza in Egypt and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England.But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s。
[B] In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City.At its peak around AD 600,this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived。
[C]How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites
[D]Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The revaluing settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD500 and 850,when Copán collapsed.
[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging.Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields。
[F]Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologists Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922.In the late 1800s British archaeologists Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’ interpretations of these engravings eventually him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos(Knosós), on the island of Crete, in 1900.
[G]Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar,magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map site and the landscapes around sites. Two-and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research。
41→A→42→E→43→44→45
【解题思路】
1.读每个段落，画出每个段落的关键句、词组；
[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece,the pyramids of Giza in Egypt and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England.But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s。
[B] In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City.At its peak around AD 600,this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived。
[C]How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites
[D]Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The revaluing settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD500 and 850,when Copán collapsed.
[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging.Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields。
[F]Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologists Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922.In the late 1800s British archaeologists Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’ interpretations of these engravings eventually him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos(Knosós), on the island of Crete, in 1900.
[G]Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar,magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map site and the landscapes around sites. Two-and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research。
2.每段的关键词、句标注完以后，我们心里大概就有一些脉络了。文中出现频率非常高的词archaeological sites(考古遗址)、archaeologist(考古学家)、systematic survey methods(系统的勘察方法)，并结合画出的句子，我们知道是和搜寻考古遗址有关的。
3.仔细思考并试排；
[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground?“当地表什么都看不到的时候，考古学家们如何知道在哪儿能找到他们正在寻找的东西呢” 文章一般以问句开头，引发读者的思考，先放第一。
[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable...But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. 这部分的顺序已经给出。大概意思是“一些考古遗址很容易被观察到……但这些遗址只是特例，大多数的考古遗址是通过仔细搜索找到的……”。locate v. 找到……的准确位置。
[F]Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. “然而大多数的考古遗址是由考古学家们发现的……”，开始引出考古学家们的勘察方法。
[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies,……
这部分也是文章给定好的顺序，我们可以看到这段开始讲考古学家们的勘察方法了。首先引出的是Airborne technologies（空中飞行技术），并进行了举例。
还剩下 B、D、G三段，我们可以看到[B] In one case、[D] In another case 都是在进行举例，是可以放在一起的，而[G]重点讲了Ground surveys（地面勘察技术）可以和[E]Airborne technologies（空中飞行技术）接上。
所以整体顺序初步定为： C→A→F→E→G→D→B
4.按照排好的顺序再读一遍，检查细节是否能对应。
比如 [D]中所举的例子many researchers ... have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot."通过使用空中摄影和步行勘测来确定数百个小村庄和村民的房子的位置"是可以和上文[E]、[G]所讲的内容吻合的。
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